CHAPTER-15 THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
CLAss-7(28/10/2018)D: Answer the following questions in brief:-
Q.1 What was Din-I-Ilahi and who started it?
A1. Akbar started Din-I-Ilahi in1586 by blending the good points of all religions like Hinduism,
Christianity, Jainism and other faiths, with Islam. Din-I-Ilahi was not a religion but a socioreligious
path to bridge the differences among different communities.
Q.2 Why is Shah Jahan known as “Engineer king”?
A2. Shah Jahan is known as an Engineer king because he built the peacock throne. The Taj
Mahal at Agra, the Red Fort and Jama Masjid in Delhi , and numerous other works of art and
architecture testify his wealth as well his aesthetic sense.
Q.3 What was the political conditions of India before Babur’s invasions?
A3. The political conditions of India before Babur’s invasions was-
1. India was an easy prey for any invader as it was divided into a number of small states.
2. These small kingdoms were incapable of standing up to any foreign aggression.
3. Delhi has lost its glory under Ibrahim Lodi. His personal officials opposed him and invited Babur
to Invade India.
4. The situation in Gujarat, Punjab, Bengal, Malwa, Rajputana Kashmir, etc... was quite bad.
There was widespread lawlessness and disorder.
5. The local rulers were unpopular among the masses.
Q.4 State the main features of Jahangir’s rule.
A4. The main features of Jahangir’s rule are:-
1. Akbar was succeeded by his son Muhammad Sultan Salim. He ascended the throne in 1605 at
the fort of Agra and assumed the name Jahangir.
2. Jahangir consolidated his territories and developed the administrative system that was
introduced by his father.
3. The court culture of the Mughals flourished under his rule.
4. Mughal painting reached its zenith during his time.
5. Jahangir re-started the war with Rajputs
E: Answer the following questions-
Q.1 List the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne?
A1. The difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne were:-
1. Babur had gifted separate provinces to his other three sons.
2. The army was a combination of people from different country and language groups.
3. Humayun had inherited an empty treasury.
4. He was addicted to opium.
5. He lacked military ability.
6. He had to face opposition from his brothers, relatives, afghans and Rajputs
Q.2 Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb.
A2.
Religious policy of Akbar
Akbar started Din-I-Ilahi in 1582 by blending the good points of all religions like Hinduism,
Christianity, Jainism and other faiths, with Islam. Din-I-Ilahi was not a religion but a socioreligious
path to bridge the differences among different communities.
Religious policy of Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb was a Muslim fanatic and opposed religious tolerance. He was a staunch muslim
and forced hindus to adopt Islam. He imposed jazia on Hindus. He discontinued the practice of
inscribing the Kalima on the coins and abolished the celebration of the New Year day (Nauroz).
Q.3 Describe Shah Jahan’s Deccan policy?
A3. Shah Jahan’s Deccan policies are:-
1. Under Shah Jahan, the Deccan policy of the Mughals entered a new phase.
2. He annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad.
3. He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his supremacy.
4. In 1636, Shah Jahan retired to Agra and appointed Aurangzeb as the governor of Deccan.
Q4. Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.
A4. Mughal’s administration:
1. They established a uniform administration which was a combination of both Indian and Persian
systems.
2. They believed in the supreme authority of the king. A strong army and efficient ministers
assisted the emperor.
3. The whole empire was divided into subas(provinces), which were governed by
subedars(governors).
4. The diwan was the collector of land revenue. The kotwal looked after the law and order in the
city.
5. Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system based on rank and position in the official hierarchy.
The mansabdars were responsible for both civil and military administration.
Q5. List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal Empire.
A5. The five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire are:-
1. The religious intolerance of Aurangzeb turned the Rajputs against him, who had always
supported the Mughal Empire. Same was the condition of the Sikhs and Marathas.
2. The Mughals do not have any rule of succession and hence the death of each ruler resulted in
bloody wars and conspiracies of nobles.
3. Weak and inefficient successors of Aurangzeb provided an open invitation for internal rebels
and foreign invasions.
4. Corrupt officials and heavy burden of land revenue resulted in revolts by peasants leading to
low tax collection.
5. Aurangzeb remained in Deccan for almost 20 years, which gave an opportunity to governors to
establish independent states.
PREPAREd by MR. HARvIndER kUMAR(TGT)
d.A.v.H.k.k.M.PUbLIC sCHooL,MAMdoT(fERozEPUR)
Class VII
Ch 5 – Water surrounding the earth
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSD.
Q.1 On what factors does the height of wave depend?
Ans.1 The height of the waves depends on the speed of wind and the duration of
wind blowing from a particular direction.
Q.2 Define an ocean current?
Ans.2 The Ocean current is the continuous movement of a mass of water in a
particular direction. Ocean currents are broadly of two types, i.e. cold currents and
warm currents.
Q.3 How are tides caused?
Ans.3 Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the level of ocean water. They are
caused due to gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Tides occur twice a day.
Q.4 Name the important components of water cycle.
Ans.4.1. Condensation
2. Evaporation
3. Precipitation
Q.5 Name the valuable resources which are found in abundance in the
ocean?
Ans. 5 a. Mineral oil
b. Gold
c. Platinum
d. Nickel
e. Copper
E.Q.1 How are tides useful to us?
Ans.1 Tides are useful to us in the following waysa)
High tides enables big ships to enter the harbour or sail out of the harbour
b) Tidal energy is harnessed to generate electricity in the coastal areas.
c) Tidal energy is one of the important renewable sources of energy
Q.2 How are oceans beneficial to us in improving the quality of life?
Ans.1.
1. The Ocean facilitates countries and regions to trade with one another.
2. Good can be moved in a very large quantity by ships and
the transportation is cheaper than any other mode of transport.
3. The marine environment provides animal and plant life for food and trade in
abundance.
4. Some of the valuable mineral resources are found in the ocean floor. Mineral
oil, manganese nodules, gold, platinum, nickel, copper and cobalt.
5. Several countries are tapping mineral oils as a source of energy in a big way.
Q.3 Explain the water cycle with the help of a diagram.
Ans.3.
1. The sun is the main source of energy which causes water to evaporate.
2. Hence water of the oceans is converted into water vapours due to the heat of
the sun by the process of evaporation.
3. The evaporated vapours rise up in atmosphere and condense into tiny crystals
of ice or droplets of water to form clouds.
4. When the condensed ice crystals or water droplets grow in size and are unable
to float, they fall down over the earth’s surface as precipitation.
5. It is because of the never ending circulation that process is described as water
cycle.
(Draw the same diagram as done in chapter 4)
Q.4 Explain three effects of ocean currents.
Ans.4.
1. The ocean currents play an important role in influencing the climate of the
coastal regions of the continents. If a warm current passes along the coast, it
raises temperature and makes the place warmer than the surrounding areas.
Similarly, cold currents make the adjoining coastal region colder.
2. The confluence of warm and cold currents provides ideal conditions for plentiful
growth of plankton, which is a food for marine life. These areas serve as major
fishing grounds, encouraging trade and commerce.
3. The ocean currents also help in navigation.
Q.5 Suggest four ways to help people affected by devastation due to
tsunami.
Ans. 5.1. Government agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and
residential welfare association, business organisations, shopkeepers, schools and
colleges provided relief to the victims by donating money, clothes, medicines,
beddings, tents etc.
2. Media played an important role in mobilising public help for the victims.
3. We can also volunteer in the affected areas.
4. Counselling session and blood donating camps can be organised in the areas
affected by tsunami.
PREPAREd by MR. HARvIndER kUMAR(TGT)
d.A.v.H.k.k.M.PUbLIC sCHooL,MAMdoT(fERozEPUR)
CHAPTER – 22 UNPACKING GENDER
D Answer in brief :-Q1. Write one example each of stereotypical gender roles of boys and girls.
A1. a) Males are told ‘boys don’t cry’ and are given guns and cars as toys.
b) Girls are schooled to be soft and obedient and are given dolls and playhouses to play
traditional female home-making roles.
Q2. How is stereotyping harmful?
A2. The notion of stereotyping is generally negative as:
a) It creates discrimination that results in inequality.
b) It hampers the individual thought.
c) It is prejudiced, irrational and based on fear of what is different.
Q3. What are the similarities between rural and urban women’s conditions?
A3. The rural and urban women both work hard for their family but their work is considered
unaccountable and unproductive. They face discrimination and do not get their rightful place in
the family and society.
Q4. Explain different types of gender inequality?
A4. The different types of inequality are-
1. Morality Inequality- Women mortality rates are higher as compared to men all over the world.
2. Natality Inequality- Many male-dominated societies have preference for boys. The techniques
of determining the gender of the foetus has encouraged the inhuman practices.
3. Basic Facility Inequality- Girls are denied the right to education and many other facilities in
many countries, even today.
4. Special Opportunity Inequality- The opportunities of higher education and professional
training are less for young women and more for young men.
5. Professional Inequality-In employment as well as promotion women often face discrimination.
6. Ownership Inequality- In many societies the basic assets i.e. home and land are owned by
males. The lack of claim to property reduces the voice of women.
7. Household Inequality- There are basic inequalities in gender that are reflected in sharing of
housework and childcare.
Q5. What is meant by invisibilisation of women’s Labour?
A5. Invisibilisationof women’s labour means that women do not get their due share as their
housework and childcare are not considered as work. It’s not considered productive as it cannot
be calculated in monetary terms.
E. Answer the following:-
Q1. Why are there differences in value attached to the work of males and females?
A1.
1. Stereotyping of roles has deep roots in human mind. It may have originated in the early
primitive tribes, as they struggled for the control of territory, the physical strength was
considered very important. But unfortunately, the domination continues even in modern times.
2. Stereotyping of gender roles may vary from culture to culture, but the fact remains that most
behavioural differences between males and females are determined by society.
3. The set activities assigned to girls and boys do not end with the selection of toys for each. They
even influence the selection of subjects in schools and college. Later on, the value attached to
the work of males and females also differ.
Q2. Without gender equality, the women empowerment is meaningless. Do you agree
with the statement? Give two examples in support of your answer.
A2. Yes, without gender equality women empowerment is meaningless.
For example:-
1. If the women are empowered to do jobs but are paid less as compared to their male
counterparts then this empowerment is meaningless.
2. If women are educated but don’t share equal status and power in family and society and are
denied their rightful places, then their education is of no use.
Thus, from the above examples we can conclude that gender equality is very much necessary
for women empowerment.
Q3. How has education brought awareness among the women and empowered them?
A3. Education has brought awareness among the women and empowered them as:
1. Education and awareness has empowered the woman to emerge as a powerful force in political
and economic spheres.
2. Many woman social activists have led strong movements against the government. In politics
women have shown the world that they are capable of being eminent leaders.
3. They have achieved international fame in the world of writing, fashion, herbal beauty,
information technology, medicine, engineering, teaching, aeronautics, games and sports etc.
4. Education makes the women aware of their fights, their rightful place in the society and the
factors that hamper their growth.
5. It empowers the women to recognize her potential and end the gender bias.
Q4. How does the gender equality help a democratic country?
A4. Gender equality is essential as:
1. Gender inequality hurts the interest of not only girls and grown up women, but also of boys and
men, who play an important role in achieving gender equality.
2. Equal sharing of responsibilities and a harmonious partnership between a man and a woman
are necessary for the well being of their family as well as Indian democracy.
3. Shared power and responsibility between woman and man at home, in workplace at national
and international levels would help to create harmony within the family and society.
Q5. Suggest any four ways to end gender discrimination.
A5. We can end gender discrimination by -
1. By providing education to the women.
2. Changing the mindset of the people by creating awareness in the society.
3. Sensitizing the society about gender related issues.
4. Government should launch some more policies and programmes like ‘Project Priyadarshani’.
PREPAREd by HARvIndER kUMAR(TGT)
d.A.v.H.k.k.M PUbLIC sCHooL MAMdoT(fERozEPUR)
CLAss 7TH
CH.16,EMERGEnCE of IndEPEndEnCE sTATEs
Q.1 State two factors responsible for the rise of independence states of India?
Ans. The two factors for the rise of independent states in INDIA are
1) invasion of foreigners who plundered immense wealth.
2) competition amongst different groups of nobles.
Q.2. Name the states that openly asserted their independence from the Mughal empire?
Ans. Sikhs, marathas and the rajput openly asserted their Independence from Mughal empire
Q.3. Name the two taxes levied by the Marathas?
Ans. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were two types of taxes collected in South India, particularly
Maratha Empire during medieval times.
Q.4. Explain guerilla warfare of Marathas?
Ans. Shivaji's army was adept in what is known as 'Guerrilla warfare'. The army used unusual ... The
Maratha army which was hotly pursued by the Bahadur Khan led Mughals, diverted the Mughals far
away
Q.5. State the condition of Indian society in the eighteenth century?
Ans. India was divided into a number of small and big states fighting with one other. In this situation the
European trading companies, started interfering in the political affairs of the country. Taking advantage of
the political, economic and social weaknesses of the Indian society; the Britishers captured the power in
India.
E1. How did the three Nawabs 0f Bengal encourage trade?
Ans. We know that British ruler established their trade on large area of india.In battle of plassey in 1757
was the first step to control the trade and kingdom of Bengal. After 1757 battle ,in 1764 battle of Buxar
fought between Britishers and nawabs of Bengal . In both battle britishers won.This is the reason due to
three nawabs of Bengal encourage trade. Name- Siraj ud din daula ,Mir Jafar and Mir Quasim.
2. Why did Banda Bahadur fail to strengthen the Sikh Power?
Ans. The failure of the army to kill or catch Banda Singh shocked Emperor, Bahadur Shah and On 10
December 1710 he ordered that wherever a Sikh was found, he should be murdered. ... During this time
Sikhs were being persecuted especially by Mughals in the Gurdaspur region.
3.What were the main feature of the Maratha Administration?
Ans. The king was the supreme head of the state. He was assisted by a council of eight ministers known
as the ashta pradhan. The chief minister or mukhya pradhan was called the peshwa. All the ministers,
except the nyayadhisha (chief justice) and pandit rao (Almoner), usually held military commands besides
their civil duties.
4. Mention the steps taken by Tipu Sultan to challenge the authority of British?
Ans. 1. Tipu sultan was a stauch enemy of the british and kept opposing them till his death.
2. He organised his army on europien style.
3. He tried to mordenise his navab power to strenghten his power and to develop external trade aganist
British.
Q.5. Explain the achievements of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
Ans. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars
to expel the Afghans in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab".His empire
grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839.
PREPAREd by HARvIndER kUMAR(TGT)
d.A.v. H.k.k.M PUbLIC sCHooL MAMdoT(fERozEPUR)
Class 7 Chapter-21 Advertising and Democracy
D: Answer the following questions in brief:
Q1 What does advertising mean?
Ans. Advertising is a powerful medium. It persuades the customer to purchase a particular product or service by describing its good points. It is a method of mass promotion in which a single message can reach a large number of people.
Q2 Who is a consumer?
Ans. A consumer is a person who buys by paying the price for some goods or services (insurance, transport, electricity, etc.).
Q3 What is meant by consumerism?
Ans.1. Consumerism is all about protection of the interest of the consumers.
2. It is a social movement seeking to protect the right of consumers in relation to the producers of goods and providers of services.
3. Consumerism is a collective consciousness on the part of consumers, businesses, government and society to enhance the consumer’s satisfaction and social welfare, that in turn will benefit all of us.
Q4 Write the full form of BIS. Mention its function.
Ans. Bureau of Indian Standards. BIS lays down standards for industrial and consumer goods.
Q5 State any three positive effects of advertising.
Ans.
1. Advertising, through TV programmes and newspapers, enables us to afford “luxuries” because without advertising, they would be very expensive.
2. Advertising has become a market of its own and it offers a large number of jobs along with providing information to people.
3. Advertising plays an important role in making us aware of our responsibility towards the society.
E: Answer the following questions:
Q1 Describe the relationship between advertising and democracy.
Ans.
1. Social and public service advertisement strengthen the democracy of a country.
2. In a democratic set-up, every individual manufacture can advertise his product which is only possible by spending huge money.
3. Brands can create discrimination in the society which is undemocratic and create inequality among the masses.
4. Advertising creates gender discrimination and hence, is against the basic principals of democracy.
5. Advertising sometimes creates distance the rich and the poor. It is against democracy where everyone should enjoy equality irrespective of his or her social or economic status.
Q2 How does advertising create discrimination in the society?
Ans.
1. Small businesses do not have the money to spend on advertising. But they have to compete against highly advertised items that make the people believe that branded and packed goods are better. Thus, brands can create discrimination in the society which is undemocratic and create inequality among the masses.
2. Advertising engrains stereotype attitudes. Some advertisements show a family sitting on the table and woman cooking the food. The men are invariably shown buying computers or cars. The type of advertisements creates gender discrimination and hence, is against the basic principles of democracy.
3. Many people cannot afford branded items. They feel that they are failing in their duty by not providing a particular brand of flour for their growing children. This creates distance between the rich and the poor.
Q3 What does social advertising mean? Give examples to illustrate the benefits of social advertising.
Ans. Social or public service advertising means applying marketing and advertising principles to promote health and social issues.
Benefits of social advertising
1. It aims to change attitude and behavior of the public and bring about positive changes in the society like advertising campaigns for Polio drops, ORS, etc.
2. Social advertising has benefitted many public awareness programmes like importance of mother’s milk for the baby, method of making baby food at home with pulses and grains, need for hygiene etc
3. The Indian government has successfully protected the public interest by banning the advertising of tobacco and alcohol on radio, television and newspapers.
Q4 List the main features of consumerism.
Ans.
1. A consumer must be aware of his/her rights and should protect his/her rights.
2. He/She should raise voice against exploitation.
3. He/She should seek redresser of his/her complaints.
4. Government laws must protect the interest of the consumer.
5. Business houses must adopt a code of conduct for regulating their activities.
Q5 How do advertisements help in creating awareness among the citizens?Support your answer with examples.
Ans.
1. Advertising has played an important role in making us aware of our responsibility towards the society. A documentary film by the ministry of social welfare shows that girls are as capable of achieving success in their chosen fields as the boys are, when given the opportunity. It motivates the people to send their daughter to school and not think of them as a burden.
2. Adverstising is capable of reaching out to a large audience. Advertising techniques can be used to create the awareness among the people and motivate them to take necessary precautions. Such advertisements may be related to water conservation, energy conservation, deforestation etc.
3) Advertising is also used by many other organizations to inform the public about their objectives . achievements and projects. They are political parties, interest groups, religious groups and defence services.
PREPARED BY MR. HARVINDER KUMAR
D.A.V. H.K.K.M.PUBLIC SCHOOL,MAMDOT(FEROZEPUR)
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